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A Living Parable
Just before He died, Jesus taught His disciples an interactive parable. True, the Scriptures do not call it a parable. But Jesus took some very ordinary, day-to-day items and used them to illustrate some profound spiritual truths. True, Jesus did not give this teaching in the form of a story. But nevertheless it is a living story which is still playing out in our lives today.
“While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is my body.” Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.”” (Matthew 26:26-28 NIV)
Jesus used parables to both reveal truth to His disciples and to conceal it from His opponents. And so it is with the Communion and the sacrifice of Christ to which it points. For those of us who are in Christ, the bread and the juice are profound reminders of God’s love. They teach us about redemption, reconciliation and living in covenant relationship with God. But to those outside of Christ, the emblems and what they stand for are totally outside their frame of reference. Oh yes, they hear us say that the bread represents Christ’s body; they hear us say that the juice represents His blood, but the meaning escapes them.
As Paul wrote to the Corinthians, “We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are coming to nothing. No, we speak of God’s secret wisdom, a wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began. None of the rulers of this age understood it, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. However, as it is written: “No eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has conceived what God has prepared for those who love him” – but God has revealed it to us by his Spirit…” (1 Corinthians 2:6-10 NIV)
Perhaps the main purpose of Jesus’ parables was to test or reveal people’s characters. Those who had a heart for truth and for spiritual things would want to know more. They would ask Jesus about the meaning. Those who were not interested in truth would either become offended or would dismiss the stories as a waste of time.
So it is with the cross of Christ. Paul put it this way, “Jews demand miraculous signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.” (1 Corinthians 1:22-24 NIV)
What does the cross of Christ mean to us? What does the Communion reveal about our character and attitude? Does partaking of the bread and juice leave us wanting to draw closer to Christ? Or is it something we could just as well do without? Do we want to learn more? Or, is this just a meaningless ritual?
Paul writes, “A man ought to examine himself before he eats of the bread and drinks of the cup. For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body of the Lord eats and drinks judgment on himself. That is why many among you are weak and sick, and a number of you have fallen asleep. But if we judged ourselves, we would not come under judgment.” (1 Corinthians 11:28-31 NIV)
One of the purposes of the Communion is to bring us face-to-face with ourselves and our relationship with Christ. Today as we eat the bread and drink the cup let’s do that self-evaluation.
Let’s pray
Outside the Box
When our children were in High School, there was a phrase that sort of became the motto or mantra of the teachers in the English Department. It was “Think outside the box!” By ‘thinking outside the box’ they did not mean original thought or thinking for oneself. What they really meant by that phrase was that they expected the kids to accept and agree with the box that the teachers themselves lived in. In the name of freedom they were asking the children to accept the bondage of the teacher’s world-view.
But before we come down too hard on the teachers, we need to take a hard look at ourselves. I’m afraid that sometimes we are no better. In fact, we might be even worse, because all too often we try to stick God into a box of our own making. It’s understandable if someone who doesn’t know God has a warped world-view. What’s really tragic is when those of us who are Christians think and act the same way as those in the world. Instead of trying to understand what it means that we are made in God’s image, we try to make Him conform to our image. Unfortunately, when we try to bring God down to our level, we miss His glory, His majesty and His transcendence.
But God, by definition, is greater than, and outside of, the boxes which we have built around us. As God declared to Isaiah, ““For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,” declares the LORD. “As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.”” (Isaiah 55:8-9 NIV)
Because God’s ways are higher than ours; because His thoughts are different than ours, He does the unexpected. He is always acting in ways that take us off guard and in ways the world does not understand. Think about it. If God operated by the standards of the world, would He have chosen any of us to be His people? As Paul writes to the Corinthians, “Brothers, think of what you were when you were called. Not many of you were wise by human standards; not many were influential; not many were of noble birth. But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. He chose the lowly things of this world and the despised things – and the things that are not – to nullify the things that are, so that no one may boast before him. It is because of him that you are in Christ Jesus, who has become for us wisdom from God – that is, our righteousness, holiness and redemption. Therefore, as it is written: “Let him who boasts boast in the Lord.”” (1 Corinthians 1:26-31 NIV)
Righteousness, holiness, redemption. These are things that the world can never give us. But because God transcends human thought and concepts, He made it possible through Christ’s sacrifice on our behalf. Who could have thought that God, Himself, would pay the price for our sin? Who could have thought that God would make it possible for sinners to take part in the divine nature? Who could have imagined that when God looks at the account of anyone one in Christ, He sees ‘paid in full’?
Jesus asked us to remember the sacrifice which bought our redemption. And so, each week we each a small piece of bread which reminds us of His body which took the punishment we deserved, and drink a cup of juice which reminds us of His blood which covers our sins.
The Lord’s Supper, as we call it, is a powerful reminder and corrective. When we start to conform to the world’s way of thinking; when we adopt the world-view of those who don’t know Christ, the Lord’s Supper reminds us again of God’s wisdom. It lifts our eyes heavenward. It reminds us of what is really important. It helps us to see things from God’s perspective.
As Paul continues in his letter to the Corinthians, “We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are coming to nothing. No, we speak of God’s secret wisdom, a wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began. None of the rulers of this age understood it, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. However, as it is written: “No eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has conceived what God has prepared for those who love him” but God has revealed it to us by his Spirit.” (1 Corinthians 2:6-10)
Are you still living by the standards of this world’s wisdom? Or have you accepted God’s wisdom? The emblems of which we partake are really a declaration of which side you’re on. If you’re not in Christ; if you are not a Christian then it would be inconsistent for you to take them. If, however, you are in Christ, then these emblems are a reminder that we are outside the box this world lives in.
Let’s pray
Transformation
One of the themes which is sounded in just about any political campaign is the need for change. Very rarely will a candidate run for office with the promise that he or she will keep things just as they are. No, the politicians promise that if we will just elect them, they will make things better; they will solve our problems; their agenda will bring peace and prosperity.
I don’t need to tell you that the promises rarely come to pass. The problem is that the politicians are responding to symptoms. They react to consequences rather than the root cause of our difficulties. What is the root cause of the worlds’ troubles? It’s not the lack, or unequal distribution, of capital or natural resources. It’s not circumstances. It’s not environment. It’s not even climate change or global warming. It comes down to just one thing: Fallen human nature. Mankind was given a choice between good and evil and we chose evil. All of our problems stem from that one basic choice. Jesus said, “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander.” (Matthew 15:19 NIV)
We don’t need a change of circumstances, we need transformation. Until and unless our hearts are transformed, changing our circumstances is like rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. The ship is still going down regardless of how skilfully or artfully you place the chairs.
In a sense, we can’t blame the politicians for only addressing symptoms. That’s really all they can do. They don’t have the power or ability to change anyone’s heart – including their own. Oh, they can pass laws to restrict or regulate certain sins, but they are powerless to change whatever it is in a person which makes him want to sin.
Is the situation hopeless, then? Not at all. Though the politicians don’t have the answer, transformation is possible. In 1st Peter 2, verses 9 and 10 the Apostle Peter writing to Christians says, “But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people belonging to God, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.” (NIV)
How did this transformation from not being a people to being the people of God, from not receiving mercy to receiving mercy, take place? Peter gives the answer in chapter 1, verse 3: “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,” (NIV)
We are transformed by being born anew. It’s not just a change of circumstances, it is an entire new life: a different nature. A nature that is in tune with God and His will rather than opposed to Him.
The new birth doesn’t just happen, though. It is the resurrection of Jesus from the dead which makes it possible. Notice the progression: If Jesus hadn’t died, He couldn’t have been raised. If He hadn’t been raised we couldn’t experience the new birth. If we hadn’t experienced the new birth we wouldn’t have hope. We would still be locked into the old, sinful human nature which gives rise to all the problems we see around us.
Every Lord’s Day we gather to remember the death, burial and resurrection of Christ. The piece of bread we eat reminds us of Christ’s body. He had to die that we might live. He had to rise so that we could have new life. We drink some juice which reminds us of Christ’s blood. It is His blood which covers our sin.
Today as we eat and drink these emblems let’s remember that it is through Christ’s resurrection that we are transformed. Let’s remember with gratitude what we were before and what we are now because of His great mercy.
Giving Thanks
In 2nd Thessalonians chapter 2, verse 12, Paul writes about people who are perishing. They aren’t headed for destruction because of a chance or random event. They aren’t headed for destruction because of the actions of someone else. Paul writes that they are condemned because of a deliberate choice they made. What was the choice? They delighted, or took pleasure, in wickedness. Involved in this choice was not believing the truth. It’s not that they didn’t have the opportunity to know the truth; it wasn’t that the truth was beyond their capability to understand. They turned away from the truth for moral reasons.
In contrast to this group of people, Paul writes in verses 13 and 14, “But we ought always to thank God for you, brothers loved by the Lord, because from the beginning God chose you to be saved through the sanctifying work of the Spirit and through belief in the truth. He called you to this through our gospel, that you might share in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (2 Thessalonians 2:13-14 NIV)
If we belong to Christ, there are several things in this passage for which we, like Paul, can give thanks:
1) That we are loved by the Lord.
2) That God chose us, from the beginning, to be saved.
3) That the Spirit sanctifies us – that is that the Spirit sets us apart from evil and sin and makes us holy.
4) That we believe the truth.
5) That God has called us through the gospel.
6) That we can share in Christ’s glory.
Unfortunately, we humans tend to forget just how much God has done for us. Even though we have been blessed so richly, we can very easily start to take God’s blessings for granted. Even worse, we can begin to think that we somehow deserve them.
Perhaps it is for this reason that just before He sacrificed His own life so that we might have salvation, Jesus gave His disciples a memorial – something which would always remind us of what He has done and how much we’ve been blessed. “When the hour came, Jesus and his apostles reclined at the table. And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God.” After taking the cup, he gave thanks and said, “Take this and divide it among you. For I tell you I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.”” (Luke 22:14-20 NIV)
One of the things which impresses me in the accounts of what we know as the ‘Last Supper’ is that Jesus gave thanks. Stop and think about it. Jesus was about to go through an incredibly agonizing death. He knew full well what He was facing. In addition to the physical agony was the trauma of being betrayed and deserted by His friends. On top of everything else, He knew that taking the sins of the whole world upon Himself would force His heavenly Father to turn away. For God cannot look upon sin (See Isaiah 59:1-2, Habakkuk 1:13). The close relationship that Jesus had known with the Father from all eternity would be broken.
In spite of all this, or maybe because of it, Jesus gave thanks. The accounts do not tell us why He gave thanks. Perhaps it was to consecrate the bread and the fruit of the vine (See 1 Timothy 4:3-5). But I suspect that there was more to it than that. I suspect that one of the reasons He gave thanks was to set an example for us. It was to remind us that no matter how grim our circumstances may be, we still have much to be thankful for.
Because of what God has done for us through Jesus, we have salvation. This morning as we partake of the emblems which remind us of the price which was paid for our salvation, let’s do so with thankful hearts.
On Rhetoric
Why do we have sermons, and is there a better alternative?
Those of us who have grown up in the church are so conditioned by the way things are done that we rarely, if ever, ask ourselves why we do it that way. Even those outside the church, but have grown up in a Western culture, have a mental image of what a church assembly is supposed to be like. There’s no doubt that the centerpiece in most protestant church assemblies, whether evangelical, charismatic, fundamentalist, conservative or liberal, is the sermon. But why? What’s so special about sermons and why is so much importance given to them?
Lest I incur the premature wrath of any preachers who happen to read this, let me hasten to say that there is a time and place for sermons. I give them, too. But I do question the emphasis given to sermons and the exalted role they have in the typical church assembly.
Preaching or teaching?
Before going forward with a controversial subject, let me propose a controversial definition. Typically, the delivery of a sermon is called preaching. It may be, but not necessarily, so. If you look at how the words translated ‘preach’ and ‘teach’ are used in the New Testament, it seems to me that they are used in reference to the intended audience, not the style of address. Though there may be some overlap, in most cases, preaching is directed to those outside of Christ, while teaching is directed to those who already belong to Him. A sermon might be the vehicle which is used in both cases. It is the intended audience, not the use of a sermon which determines whether we are preaching or teaching. I don’t expect you preachers to agree with me. Though we’ve never really discussed it, it’s probable that even my fellow Elders don’t.
So, why bring it up? For this reason: I believe on the basis of what I see in Scripture that, in Christ’s scheme of things, the assemblies of the church are intended primarily for believers, and not the unsaved. If that is true, and you insist on preaching to the congregation, you’re talking to the wrong audience. On the other hand, if your intent is to teach – because you are addressing Christians – you need to ask yourself whether the sermon is the best means to do so.
From participant to spectator
But there is another reason to question the sermon style of teaching which is so typical in the churches. Something which impresses me when I read about the churches in the New Testament is the interactive and participatory nature of their assemblies. In a typical assembly, the speaking was not done by just one or two, but by several. Instead of one major speech, there apparently were many short talks. Yes, I’m aware that Apollos was known as an eloquent speaker and that Paul spoke all night at Troas. But they seem to have been the exception and not the rule. And, I wonder if even those assemblies were not far more interactive than the ones we now know.
If I’m right then how and why did the change from the members of the congregation being active participants to largely passive spectators occur? There were many factors which influenced the shift. One was the rise of the hierarchical systems of church government. Along with this was the increasing split between ‘clergy’ and ‘laity.’ It gradually became a fixed idea that only the ‘clergy’ have the right to speak to the assembly. The Reformation recaptured the doctrine of the ‘priesthood of all believers,’ but we have never fully recaptured it in practice.
Another factor which influenced the change in the nature of the church assemblies was the rise of the theological schools. Preference has been given to the formally trained until, in many congregations, it is almost an article of faith that only persons with advanced degrees in theology are qualified to speak. Hand in hand with this was the shift from the Hebrew world-view of a covenant with a warm, caring God who dwells among and fellowships with His people through His Spirit, to the Greek world-view with its emphasis on power and an impersonal and almost mechanistic God. The first emphasized relationship, experience and practical application. The second, knowledge. Anyone can tell others what God has done for him, while only a comparative few feel qualified to speak of God and doctrine in the abstract.
But perhaps one of the biggest factors in the change which took place in the nature of the assembly was the move into church buildings. While there were some benefits, there were also two disastrous consequences from the move into large buildings. The first was that the larger the number of people gathered at one time, the fewer there are, percentage-wise, who are able to actively participate. There simply isn’t time for everyone to share their insights. Secondly, particularly in the era before artificial amplification became possible (most of human history), only a comparative few were capable of projecting their voices so everyone could hear. Naturally, precedence was given to those who were capable of doing so.
The foolishness of preaching
These and other factors may explain the shift from the many to the few, but why have we settled on the form of communication called the sermon? Why has the form of the sermon remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years? Why are all preachers and speakers, regardless of denominational background, trained in almost identical techniques? Is it because this form of address is particularly effective? On the contrary, I’ve heard and read that experts say that the sermon as a form of communication is particularly ineffective. If that is true, then why do we put so much emphasis on it?
At this point somebody is sure to quote 1st Corinthians 1:21 to me where Paul states that, “… it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe.” (KJV) I’ve heard it explained that though the technique may be foolish (according to communication experts) it is the method God has chosen to save people. No doubt many, have been saved by means of this technique. But contrary to the explanation given, I don’t think that this passage is saying that the particular technique of delivering sermons is divinely appointed as the means to save the world. Remember that definition I gave earlier? Preaching doesn’t refer so much to method of delivery as it does to intended audience. Also, bear in mind that translations other than the KJV (for example see the ASV, ESV, NASB, NKJ and NIV) refer to the message, rather than the preaching, as being foolish. That Paul is speaking of the message which is being preached rather than the method of delivery, fits the context of the next several verses. According to verse 23 the gospel is foolishness to Gentiles. Verse 25 contrasts God’s so-called ‘foolishness’ to man’s so-called ‘wisdom.’
Whence the sermon?
So, if the practice of delivering sermons is not necessarily divinely inspired, and it isn’t particularly effective at communicating, why do we use the technique so much? Well, for one thing, it can be a lot easier than the alternatives. At this point all of you who sweat blood over your sermon preparation each week, probably either want to lynch me or are laughing your heads off. But I’m perfectly serious. I’ve learned the truth of my statement through personal experience. I’ll elaborate in just a bit.
You want to know the main reason we depend so much on trained orators delivering sermons? It’s because we’re stuck in a rut that was carved out for us 16 to 17 centuries ago. There were 3 guys who lived during the same time-frame in different parts of the Roman Empire. In truth, the trend was there in strength long before these guys showed up on the scene, but I think it’s fair to say that they are primarily responsible for digging us into the hole we’re in. They are John of Antioch (349-407), Ambrose of Milan (340-397) and Augustine of Hippo (354-430). Do you know what the common denominator is between all 3? All of them were highly trained in Greek rhetoric (defined as the art of speaking and the principles of composition) before they began their ecclesiastical careers. And, they didn’t leave their training behind when they entered the church. John of Antioch is also known as John Chrysostom which means John ‘Golden-mouth.’ He supposedly was the most gifted orator in the entire Roman Empire. Ambrose taught rhetoric and had a hand in training Augustine. Augustine was arguably the most influential theologian in the period between the Apostles and Luther. His book on homiletics is still in use, and excerpts from his discussions on preaching are still quoted in textbooks on the subject. It is these 3 which set the standard. It is they who taught succeeding generations how to do it. We’ve never recovered from their influence.
Where did they get their theories and techniques of communication? Was it from the Bible? No, it was directly from the Greeks. They merely refined and perfected ideas which had been around at least since Aristotle’s time. Don’t believe me that preachers are still trained in the techniques and methods of the 3 men I mentioned and that they got ‘em from the Greeks? Browse through an older textbook on preaching sometime and you’ll see whether I’m right. I could name authors but will spare you. It can be rather startling to realize that the speaking style of introduction, proposition, divisions, development and conclusion that we’re all so familiar with was actually something which was developed for use in the Greek law courts. Is it any wonder that our minds often associate the word ‘sermon’ with ‘harangue?’
It’s fascinating to me that one of the criticisms leveled at the Apostle Paul was that he was a poor speaker. (2 Corinthians 10:10) While giving a defense of his ministry he admits that he wasn’t a trained speaker. (2 Corinthians 11:6) I understand him to mean that he was not trained in the Greek style of rhetoric which, in turn, was a reflection of the Greek way of thinking. Throughout his letters Paul challenged the Greek outlook and emphasized the inner work of the Spirit. This is the larger context of his statements about God’s foolishness vs. man’s wisdom, love vs. knowledge, strength through weakness, being exalted through humility and so on.
The purpose of the assembly
Aside from the concern that the sermon is really an outgrowth of a Greek world-view in contrast to the Hebrew world-view of Christ and the Apostles, I am of the opinion that by being so locked into the sermon we have lost something very vital. Let me try to illustrate what I mean. Just about any book on sermon preparation will tell you that the intent or purpose of the sermon (echoing Augustine, by the way) is to persuade. The majority of speakers seem to agree because, at least in the congregations with which I am familiar, it is almost inevitable that an ‘invitation’ will be given at the conclusion of the sermon. But what is the assembly for? Yes, Paul writes in 2nd Timothy 3:16 that Scripture “…is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness…” (NIV) and, therefore, if we are going to speak from the Scripture, we are, at times, going to try to persuade. Persuasion is inherent in correction and rebuke. But there should be far more to our assemblies than the attempt to persuade. Another purpose of the assembly is to foster unity. It is also for mutual encouragement and comfort. (Take another read through 1st Corinthians, chapters 12 through 14.) When we make something whose main purpose is to persuade, the centerpiece of the assembly haven’t we gotten something out of balance?
Alternatives
So, with what should we replace the sermon? Mutual interaction as was the norm in the New Testament church. This could take a number of forms. Here are a few suggestions: a) The sermon could be replaced with a number of short talks, or devotionals, each given by a different person. b) A topic or a passage of Scripture could be announced ahead of time and, then, anyone who wants to would be free to share his or her insights on it. c) The time normally given to the sermon could be spent offering encouragement to those in the congregation who are going through struggles, and praying for one another. d) A principle of Scripture could be explained, then the whole congregation could discuss how to actually apply it in every-day life.
Things which hinder
I said earlier that one reason we’re so locked into the sermon is that it’s easier than the alternatives. For example, planning and coordinating an assembly with just one speaker can be hard enough. But it can be far more complex if you have multiple speakers. It takes much more communication to make sure that everyone knows what they should do, and when to do it.
Another barrier to overcome is the fear of failure. What if you can’t pull it off? What if the assembly doesn’t work as envisioned? What if the various pieces don’t fit into a harmonious whole? What if you open things up for input from the congregation and nobody says anything? One virtue of an assembly based on a sermon is that it’s predictable.
Then, there’s the matter of expectations. The truth is that most people in our culture expect our assemblies to be based on sermons. A different format can be very disconcerting or upsetting to them.
There’s also the fear of interruption. When we get up to speak, we have a certain amount of material we want to get through. If we allow input from the congregation, it has the potential to take things in a different direction than anticipated. We might not be able to cover all the material we had planned on presenting. Even worse, an interruption; a question from the congregation might break our train of thought.
But the biggest problem of all is our fear of the loss of control. Let’s face it. We like to be in charge. When we’re delivering a sermon, we know exactly what we’re going to say and how we’re going to say it. The whole assembly is built around our message. We control what happens. But when things are opened up so everyone can participate, all that changes. The certainty is gone. What happens if somebody says something which is contrary to sound doctrine? Even worse (from our point of view) what if they say something embarrassing?
Some benefits of replacing the sermon
What’s the benefit to opening up our assemblies to interaction and participation? There are many. a) We expect people to grow spiritually, yet we give them very little opportunity to express themselves which is often one of the quickest ways for them to grow. Teachers always learn more than their students. It’s an incentive for people to learn if they must organize their thoughts and present them. b) Each person’s experience with Christ is different than anyone else’s. By sharing with one another, all benefit from the different perspectives and insights which are expressed. The congregation as a whole becomes more well-rounded than if it hears from only one or two. c) Problems and burdens come to light which would otherwise remain hidden. It also allows those with burdens to experience the the comfort and the support of the entire body. d) It gives people the feeling that they are part of the body. It gives them a stake in the success of the congregation. e) It gets people used to speaking about Christ to others. As they gain confidence from doing it in the safe environment of the assembly, they will feel more inclined to do it outside the assembly. f) We don’t get good at anything unless we have the opportunity to practice it. If we want to develop good speakers, we must give people the chance to do it.
Practical steps toward participation
It may not be possible to totally restructure our assemblies all at once. If, for no other reason, expectations will prevent it. People need time and teaching before they get used to the idea of participating. It won’t happen overnight. Some will never be comfortable with all I’m suggesting. Even in the congregation where I serve, we have not been able to achieve the level of participation I would like to see. It’s a difficult problem. But there are some things which can help move things in the right direction.
There’s one area where it should be fairly easy to increase participation. In the tradition from which I come, the Lord’s Supper (Communion, or the Eucharist) is celebrated each Sunday. It is preceded by a short meditation. Ask different men in the congregation to prepare and present these meditations.
Another relatively minor change which would increase participation is: Instead of the song leader and the speaker of the day always being the ones who pray during the assembly, have various members of the congregation give the prayers. In the same vein, you might be able to introduce other small chunks of content, such as Scripture readings, which could be done by various members.
If you wish to retain the sermon format, at least consider expanding the number of speakers. For example, one of the qualifications of Elders is that they be able to teach. But, in many congregations I have known, they do little or no teaching or speaking. In my view, they ought to be rotating through the pulpit.
If, for whatever reason, you can’t change the format of your assemblies, then consider allowing a time of sharing and interaction afterwards. For example, you could have a period when people could discuss the sermon they just heard with the emphasis on how it applies to their own lives.
If you can’t restructure your assembly, then restructure your class times. Assign short lessons and topics to various people. Announce a topic or portion of Scripture and open the session up to anyone who wants to share their insights on it.
These are just a few suggestions. If you really catch the vision of the value of participation and interaction, I’m sure that you will be able to think of many ways it can be encouraged which fit your particular situation.
It may not always be welcome. In fact, some will be downright hostile to the idea of opening up your assemblies to participation and, heaven forbid, not having a sermon. Even (or especially!) your fellow leaders will be uncomfortable with the idea. It’s likely that you will lose some people. However, I am of the opinion that the more participation and mutual ministry we have in our assemblies, the closer we will be to the New Testament ideal and the stronger we will be.
Mission
(Given on a ‘Mission Sunday’ when various missions were presented to the congregation.)
There are a lot of stories out there in the world. There are a lot of different messages. Every day we are bombarded with all sorts of ideas and concepts. But, when you get right down to it, there is one story the world needs to hear above all else. It is the only story which can bring peace to the troubled and war-weary. It is the only story which can bring light into darkness. It is the only story which can bring reconciliation to those who are alienated from God. It is the Good News of the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Today, we are going to share with you what this congregation is doing to take the Good News to other parts of the world. Before we do, it’s worth asking the question, “Why? Why should we care that others hear about Jesus?” It boils down to one simple fact: We should care about taking the gospel to others because somebody cared about sharing it with us. They, in turn, heard the message from somebody who cared about them. And this chain of love stretches back all the way to God. The Apostle John puts it this way: “We love because he first loved us.” (1 John 4:19 NIV)
When we think about love, we often associate it with emotions or feelings. But love is far more than that. Love also involves action. This morning I want to mention three action words that are included in God’s love.
The first word is ‘sent.’ The Apostle John writes, “This is how God showed his love among us: He sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him. This is love: not that we loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins.” (1 John 4:9-10 NIV)
A second word which is associated with God’s love is ‘came.’ It would have been pointless for God to send Jesus if He never arrived at His destination. But Scripture says, “He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near.” (Ephesians 2:17 NIV) In another place it says, “Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners…” (1 Timothy 1:15 NIV)
God’s love not only prompted Him to send Jesus; love not only prompted Jesus to come, but that love also prompted them to give. Paul writes, “…live a life of love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.” (Ephesians 5:1 NIV)
Because God loved, He sent. Because He was sent, Jesus came. When He came, He gave.
We’re reminded of that gift each week in the Lord’s Supper. “And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.”” (Luke 22:19-20 NIV)
But the bread we eat and the juice we drink should not only remind us of God’s love and Christ’s gift, it should also remind us of a responsibility we have. Jesus told His disciples, “…As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.” (John 20:21 NIV) Are we willing to go and to give so that others may receive the gift of eternal life? Think about it as we eat and drink in Christ’s memory.
Christ, Our Peace
Even a casual glance at the news is enough to make you realize that there are a lot of conflicts and wars going on in the world. Depending on how you count them, there are somewhere between 10 and 30 wars going on right now. This is not unusual. A brief look at a history book tells you that war and conflict are one of the constants of human existence.
Although war and conflict have been with us almost from the beginning of human history, there is something in us which tells us that this is not how it ought to be. Though, in one sense, war and conflict are normal, we consider it abnormal. Listen to some of the lyrics of one of the most popular songs of the Civil War.
“Many are the hearts that are weary tonight,
Wishing for the war to cease;
Many are the hearts looking for the right
To see the dawn of peace…” (Tenting Tonight on the Old Campground, Walter C. Kittredge, 1863)
Because war really is abnormal; because we believe that people really do have a right to see the dawn of peace, wherever there is conflict, there are those who are working diligently to restore peace. We have peace commissions. There are peace conferences. The Nobel organization awards prizes to those whom they feel have done the most to advance the cause of peace. Yet, no sooner than one conflict is resolved, another breaks out.
Why has all the effort expended to bring about peace failed to solve the problem? It is because the conferences and commissions only deal with the symptoms of conflict instead of the root issue. What is it that causes wars and quarrels? James writes, “…Don’t they come from your desires that battle within you?” (James 4:1 NIV) In other words, conflicts and wars are external expressions of inner desires. There will never be lasting peace until man’s desires and covetousness are addressed.
But the problem really goes deeper. The conflict in our world is a reflection of mankind’s alienation and conflict with God. In order to have peace with one another, we all must first make peace with God. There’s a song from the 1970’s with the lyrics, “There will never be any peace until God is seated at the conference table.” (There Will Never Be Any Peace, Imperials, 1975)
How can we have peace with God? Speaking of Christ, the Apostle Paul writes, “For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him, and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross. Once you were alienated from God and were enemies in your minds because of your evil behavior. But now he has reconciled you by Christ’s physical body through death to present you holy in his sight, without blemish and free from accusation– if you continue in your faith, established and firm, not moved from the hope held out in the gospel…” (Colossians 1:19-23 NIV)
It is through Christ’s blood that God has reconciled us to Himself. It is through Christ’s body, through death, that God has made us holy and free from accusation. But notice that there is a condition. We must continue in our faith. We must not abandon the gospel.
One of the reasons we meet together each First Day of the week is to strengthen our faith. We meet to remember the gospel, which is the good news of the death, burial and resurrection of Christ. We participate in Communion in order to remember. The piece of bread we eat reminds us of Christ’s body through which God has made us holy. The cup of juice we drink reminds us of Christ’s blood through which God has reconciled us to Himself. Today, as we eat and drink let’s remember that it is through Christ’s sacrifice on our behalf that we have peace with God.
Join me in prayer.
Perseverance
In writing to the Christians at Thessalonica, the Apostle Paul makes an interesting statement. He says, “May the Lord direct your hearts into God’s love and Christ’s perseverance.” (2 Thessalonians 3:5 NIV) It’s not like these people didn’t already know or hadn’t already experienced God’s love. They had already accepted Christ’s sacrifice on their behalf. They had already experienced salvation. I think what Paul is saying is that they needed to develop the same kind of love that God has. They needed to demonstrate God’s love in how they lived their lives and interacted with one another.
What grabbed my attention in that verse, however, is that Paul prays that their hearts would be directed into Christ’s perseverance. Your translation may say, “into the steadfastness of Christ.” Why do we need to be directed into steadfastness or perseverance? Well, if you’re like me, it’s easy to start projects. It’s easy to get excited at the beginning of something. But sometimes it’s not so easy to finish what I’ve started. Unexpected problems crop up. Excitement gives way to discouragement. It can be very tempting to abandon a project before it’s finished because something new has come along.
There’s more to perseverance than just helping us to finish projects. Paul explains it this way in chapter 5, verse 4 of his letter to the Romans, “…we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope.” (NIV) Notice that it is perseverance which builds character. Why is this important? Because it is character which produces hope. In the next few verses, Paul goes on to say that our hope rests squarely on the fact that Jesus died for us. It is through His blood that we are justified and reconciled to God.
Living for Christ is not always easy. The initial excitement and joy of being forgiven can turn into discouragement when we find out that we still have to overcome problems or bad habits. Sometimes we face opposition. Sometimes it would be easier to just go along with peer pressure or the standards of our culture.
Fortunately, Christ Himself set us an example of perseverance when the going got tough. Can you imagine what would have happened if He had decided not to follow through with God’s plan of redemption? We would still be in our sins, with no hope at all. But Jesus did follow through. When the time came for Him to sacrifice His life for us, Scripture says that He “…resolutely set out for Jerusalem.” (Luke 9:51 NIV) He could have walked away. He could have called 10 thousand angels to destroy His enemies. He could have come down off the cross. But He didn’t. He saw it through. Because He persevered, we have the hope of eternal life – provided that we persevere in following Him.
Each week we take the time to remember what Jesus has done for us. We eat a piece of bread which represents Christ’s body which He sacrificed for us. We drink some juice which represents His blood which cleanses us from sin. Today as we partake of these emblems, let’s not only remember His sacrifice, but also Jesus’ perseverance which sent Him to the cross. Let’s remember the hope we have because of His perseverance in providing salvation.
Let’s also renew our commitment to live for Christ. Let’s follow His example of perseverance. As it says in Hebrews, “So do not throw away your confidence; it will be richly rewarded. You need to persevere so that when you have done the will of God, you will receive what he has promised.” (Hebrews 10:35-36 NIV)
Let’s pray.
Psalms
(This meditation was prepared for a participatory assembly where people from the congregation shared their insights from the Psalms.)
This morning we’ve talked about several of the themes which are found in the Psalms. There’s the theme of God’s glory. There’s the theme of God’s care and protection. We’ve shared some of the lessons we’ve learned. But there’s another aspect to the Psalms as well. They point to the coming of Christ. For example Psalm 2 looks forward to Jesus as the Son, as conquering King and Judge. Psalm 23, pictures Jesus as our Shepherd.
But perhaps the most remarkable prophecies about Christ are found in Psalm 22. This Psalm predicts His death. Let’s take a look at it.
[Read Psalm 22]
Jesus quoted from verse 1, while He was on the cross.
Verses 7 and 8 tell how the crowds mocked Jesus as He was dying.
Verse 15 predicts Jesus’ thirst.
Verse 16 describes crucifixion, a type of execution which was unknown when David penned this Psalm.
Verse 17 tells how the soldiers gambled for Jesus’ clothing.
But then, the tone of the Psalm changes. Though on the surface it looks like God has abandoned anyone who would die such a horrible death, verse 24 says that God has listened to His cry. Do you remember what it says in Hebrews 5:7? “During the days of Jesus’ life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission.” (NIV)
Verse 27 of Psalm 22 goes on to say that people of all nations will serve the Lord.
Verse 30 predicts the spreading of the gospel to unborn generations.
Why am I taking the time to point out these things? Because Jesus has asked us to remember His death. Just before His crucifixion, Jesus took some bread and gave it to His disciples and told them to eat it as a memorial of His body. He also took a cup and told His disciples to drink from it as a reminder of the New Covenant which He was making in His blood.
These emblems remind us of Christ’s death. But when we eat them, we also need to remind ourselves of the answer to the question, “Why was it necessary for Jesus to suffer and die?” The short answer is that Jesus had to die for our sins. He gave His life for ours.
We are told in 1st Corinthians 11:28 that we ought to examine ourselves before we eat of the bread or drink of the cup. Have I been living for Christ this past week? Am I coming before Him with a clean heart?
Before we partake this morning, we’re going to sing part of another Psalm. This is a Psalm of repentance which David wrote after his sin with Bathsheba. If there’s something you need to make right with the Lord, why don’t you do it while we sing? Then you can partake of the emblems with a pure conscience.
Psalm 51, Create In Me a Clean Heart
God’s Word
When we talk about God’s Word, our minds go to the Bible. And that is appropriate, for the Bible is God’s Word. But the term ‘God’s Word’ is used in another sense as well. John’s Gospel opens this way: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and that life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it.” (John 1:1-5 NIV)
Just as John says, God’s creative Word has been active right from the beginning. The very first words in the Bible are, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.” (Genesis 1:1-3 NIV)
If the the role of God’s Word had been limited to the creation, it still would have been fantastic and awesome. But there is more. Much more. John goes on to say, “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.” (John 1:14 NIV) John is speaking, of course, about Jesus. Before Bethlehem, the person we know as Jesus was God’s Word. By taking on flesh, He showed us who God is.
The Word (that is Jesus) was not only involved in the creation, He sustains us today. After the feeding of the 5,000 the people expected Jesus to keep on providing free meals. After all, hadn’t Moses fed the people manna in the wilderness? “Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven, but it is my Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” “Sir,” they said, “from now on give us this bread.” Then Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty.” (John 6:32-35 NIV)
The people didn’t understand what Jesus was talking about, so He explained further, “I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.” Then the Jews began to argue sharply among themselves, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him.” (John 6:51-56 NIV)
They still didn’t get it. They thought that Jesus was teaching some form of cannibalism. So Jesus had to explain what He was talking about in plain terms. “The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you are spirit and they are life.” (John 6:63 NIV) I think what Jesus was saying is that just as food and drink sustain our physical bodies, so it is His Word which sustains us spiritually. We cannot live unless we eat and drink of the living Word of God.
I think it is interesting that when it came time for Jesus to leave this earth, He selected two things as a memorial to what He has done for us and of the New Covenant He established with us. Bread and fruit of the vine. He said that they represented His body and His blood which were sacrificed on our behalf. These are the same two things He referred to after the feeding of the 5,000.
Today as we eat and drink the Communion, commit yourself again to the Bread of Life – the living Word of God – who sustains our life.
Let’s pray.














